Emission Radio: Election présidentielle au Sri Lanka: l’heure du renouveau politique (France Culture)

https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/les-enjeux-internationaux/election-presidentielle-au-sri-lanka-l-heure-du-renouveau-politique-2275458

 

Anura Kumara Dissanayaka a été élu dimanche soir président du Sri Lanka, devenant le premier président de gauche du pays. D’obédience marxiste et fils de paysan, il incarne un renouveau politique très attendu…

Avec
  • Delon Madavan Géographe, chercheur associé au Centre d’Études de l’Inde et de l’Asie du Sud de l’EHESS

La prise de fonction de Dissanayaka intervient deux ans après la révolution citoyenne : il a promis de “faire de son mieux” pour relever le pays, en répondant aux aspirations de la population face à l’austérité.

Qui est Anura Kumara Dissanayaka, le nouveau président du Sri Lanka ?

Dissanayaka, le nouveau président du Sri Lanka, a connu une trajectoire tout à fait singulière. D’abord leader du parti d’inspiration marxiste JVP, le Front de Libération du Peuple, il a mené dans les années 1970 et 1980 deux insurrections pour renverser l’État sri-lankais, considéré comme capitaliste et impérialiste. Mais la violence de la répression coûta la vie de 60 000 personnes, retrace Delon Madavan. “Dissanayaka a donc renoncé à la violence et a recentré sa position politique en reconnaissant la nécessité de composer avec l’économie de marché”. Son élection, pourtant surprenante après des scores électoraux marginaux en 2019, est largement due au soutien du mouvement de protestation “Aragalaya”, né en réaction à la crise économique et politique de 2022.

 

Les défis du nouveau président

Depuis cette date, la situation au Sri Lanka reste très précaire. Selon Delon Madavan, Dissanayaka fait face à des attentes considérables : “pendant sa campagne, il a voulu rassurer sur son engagement marxiste, tout le monde craignant qu’il n’applique le plan de sauvetage du FMI. S’il ne compte pas le rejeter, il a promis d’en renégocier les termes, notamment pour alléger le fardeau fiscal qui pèse sur la population, dont un quart vit désormais sous le seuil de pauvreté. Parmi ses autres priorités figurent la lutte contre la corruption et la poursuite des membres de la famille Rajapaksa [famille influente dans la politique sri-lankaise, NDLR] pour détournement de fonds et abus de pouvoir. Il souhaite “aussi éviter que les fleurons de l’économie nationale ne tombent entre les mains étrangères via des privatisations”. Dissanaeke doit rétablir la confiance dans une classe politique accusée de népotisme et d’autoritarisme tout en gérant une situation économique très inflammable.

 

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The 2024 elections in Sri Lanka: political and economic prospects

Panel discussion organised by ODI, NUS, ISAS

The 2024 elections in Sri Lanka: political and economic prospects

Link: https://odi.org/en/events/the-2024-elections-in-sri-lanka-political-and-economic-prospects/#Speakers

Description

In April 2022, the Sri Lankan government announced a pre-emptive sovereign default on its external debt payments following a balance of payments crisis. The disruption of essential imports and prolonged power cuts led to mass stress protests, forcing the resignation of then-President Gotabaya Rajapaksa in July 2022. Subsequently, the new president-elect, Ranil Wickremesinghe, secured a US$3 billion Extended Fund Facility with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in September 2022.

Under Wickremesinghe, the Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna (SLPP)-led government is implementing a stabilisation programme to meet the IMF’s conditionalities. Macroeconomic indicators have improved since 2022, with inflation having eased faster than forecasted and gross official foreign reserves having increased to US$5.6 billion by June 2024. However, the economic hardships faced by most people in Sri Lanka are still extremely high. Data from the World Bank reveals a stark increase in poverty rates, doubling from 13.1 percent in 2021 to 25 percent in 2022. This has added an additional 2.5 million people into poverty in 2022.

It is in this context that the 2024 presidential election is scheduled for 21 September 2024. This is the first election to be held since 2020 and the 2022 people’s protests. The three frontrunner candidates are:

– Ranil Wickremesinghe: Incumbent president, running as an independent candidate, backed by a majority of SLPP members of parliament.

– Sajith Premadasa: Candidate for the main opposition party, the Samagi Jana Balawegaya.

– Anura Kumara Dissanayake: Candidate for the National People’s Power (NPP), of which the Communist-Leninist Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna is the main party.

All three political camps back the IMF programme to various degrees. There is also some consensus among these parties regarding power devolution as a key means to resolve the ethnic question. There are other smaller political parties and factions, and these will influence the political discourse in the lead-up to elections and after.

This online panel discussion will discuss the various scenarios and anticipated developments in the lead-up to and after the September election.

Speakers

  • Dr Iqbal S Sevea

    Associate Professor Iqbal Singh Sevea (Chairperson)

    Director, Institute of South Asian Studies, NUS

  • Ganeshan Wignaraja.png

    Dr Ganeshan Wignaraja

    Visiting Senior Fellow, ODI and Non-Resident Senior Fellow, Institute of South Asian Studies, NUS

  • Dirk Willem te Velde.jpg

    Professor Dirk Willem te Velde

    Principal Research Fellow and Director, International Economic Development Group, ODI

  • Professor Nira Wickremesinghe

    Professor Nira Wickremasinghe

    Professor of Modern South Asian Studies, Leiden University, Netherlands

  • Professor C Raja Mohan

    Professor C Raja Mohan

    Visiting Research Professor, Institute of South Asian Studies, NUS

  • Dr Rajni Gamage

    Dr Rajni Gamage

    Research Fellow, Institute of South Asian Studies, NUS

@Rajni_Gamage

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Books on the Ravana trail

Ravana’s Lanka. The Landscape of a Lost Kingdom

Sunela Jayawardene, 2024, Vintage Penguin Books

About the book: https://www.community.lk/history/442-ravana-s-lanka-sunela-jayawardene-s-quest-to-uncover-sri-lanka-s-ancient-civilizations

 

The Line of Lanka. Myths & Memories of an Island

Sunela Jayawardene, 2017, Sailfish

Sit back and let yourself be swept along in Sunela Jayewardene’s intrepid journeys across Lanka’s lush countryside. Join her and rediscover myth & legend, history & heritage as she adroitly describes nature’s enduring beauty and oft forgotten traditions that pulse to the beat of an unseen drum. Line of Lanka is a brilliant and unusual portrayal of a country and its people that will change your perceptions of Sri Lanka.

About the book: https://srilankanwriters.wordpress.com/2018/05/22/re-imagining-an-islands-past-by-needling-through-the-cement-of-dominant-history-sunela-jayewardene-author-of-the-line-of-lanka/

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Theatre Review

https://www.themorning.lk/articles/dlVsywe2gWZaOZmX28DJ

From The Morning.lk

 

‘Water for Kings’: A poetic tragedy echoing Sri Lanka’s own divides

03 Sep 2024 | By Venessa Anthony

 
‘Water for Kings’: A poetic tragedy echoing Sri Lanka’s own divides

 

 

Taking the stage at Kolamba Kamatha over the weekend was ‘Water for Kings’, which captivated audiences with its powerful narrative and evocative performances. The production was staged from 29 August to 1 September, with an extra matinee show on Sunday (1) due to high demand.

The Daily Morning Brunch had the opportunity to witness this profound piece of theatre, and the experience was nothing short of remarkable. Directed by Mind Adventures Theatre Co. founder and Artistic Director Tracy Holsinger and written by Ramya Jirasinghe, ‘Water for Kings’ left us deeply moved, its compelling performances and resonant themes making a mark.

The cast, led by Prof. Saumya Liyanage, Brandon Ingram, Hidaayath Hazeer, Shala Amarasuriya, and Tharusha Kumarasinghe, delivered powerful portrayals that brought this tragic narrative to life. Supporting them were the versatile talents of Dinuli Mendis, Sonali Wanigabaduge, Nabeel Nooramith, and Udula Karawita, with Shala Amarasuriya also contributing as the Music Director, adding an emotive layer to this already impactful production.

In a world where access to water is both a necessity and a luxury, ‘Water for Kings’ masterfully transformed this universal truth into a tragic tale that felt both timeless and eerily relevant. Written in contemporary verse, this play was more than just a theatrical performance – it was a profound commentary on power, inequality, and the high costs of social change.

Set in a mythic land divided into Wet and Dry Zones, ‘Water for Kings’ explored the stark differences between the haves and the have-nots, with water serving as the metaphorical lifeblood that separated them. The Wet Zone thrives, lush and abundant, while the Dry Zone, neglected and parched, becomes a symbol of marginalisation. The play didn’t shy away from drawing parallels to real-world issues, particularly those familiar to Sri Lankan audiences, where geographical and socio-political divisions continue to shape the nation’s landscape.

 

The power of water as a metaphor

Water, in this play, is more than just a resource; it’s a symbol of power, control, and the inequalities that arise when that power is abused. The deliberate restriction of water to the Dry Zone by the ruling class of the Wet Zone is a clear allegory for how resources are hoarded by those in power, leaving the marginalised to suffer. This is a story that resonates deeply, especially in a country like ours, where similar disparities between regions have historically led to conflict.

The play’s protagonist, Prince Muthukumar, represented the rare figure of a ruler who is not content to let such injustices continue. When he visits the Dry Zone, guided by Rani, a slave girl turned concubine, he is confronted with the harsh reality of the land’s suffering. This moment of revelation is a turning point, not just for the character, but for the entire narrative. The visuals of the Dry Zone, depicted as a wasteland of shrivelled, desperate souls, are haunting and powerful, driving home the severity of their plight.

 

A chorus of the forgotten

One of the play’s most striking elements was its use of a chorus made up of the dead from the Dry Zone. These spectral figures, embodying the ghosts of those who perished due to the lack of water, served as a powerful reminder of the consequences of neglect. Their presence was a constant, unsettling force that pushed the narrative forward, compelling Prince Muthukumar to confront the failures of his lineage.

Their influence culminates in a scene where they confront the King himself, forcing him to see the devastation his ignorance had caused. This confrontation, and the subsequent change of heart it inspired in the King, marks the beginning of a new era for the Dry Zone, as the King finally begins to take action to rectify the wrongs of the past.

 

The tragedy of good intentions

But ‘Water for Kings’ is not content to leave its audience with a simple tale of redemption. The second act of the play delved into the complexities of power, showing how even the best intentions can be thwarted by ambition and manipulation. The introduction of the High Priest, a figure who opposes the King’s reforms, added a layer of intrigue and tension to the story. The Priest, portrayed with a chilling intensity by Brandon Ingram, represented the entrenched interests that resist change, preferring to maintain control at any cost.

As the King prepares to abdicate, intending to pass the throne to his two sons, it becomes clear that his vision of joint rule is doomed to fail. The play poignantly illustrated how power struggles, even within a family, can lead to disaster. Prince Asvajith, the weaker of the two brothers, becomes a pawn in the High Priest’s game, manipulated into making decisions that ultimately bring about the kingdom’s downfall.

Muthukumar, the King’s favoured son and the architect of many of the kingdom’s reforms, tragically meets his end in a storm, a symbolic representation of the chaos that ensues when good intentions are not enough to bring about lasting change. His death, while poetic, left the audience with a sense of unfinished business – a reminder that change is often messy and incomplete.

 

A commentary on modern Sri Lanka

‘Water for Kings’ subtly, yet powerfully, comments on contemporary issues in Sri Lanka. The divide between the Wet and Dry Zones is a thinly veiled reference to the real-world divisions between the country’s north and south, where resources and opportunities are often unevenly distributed. The play’s exploration of how faith leaders can influence political decisions is also particularly relevant, given the country’s history of religious and political entanglements.

The play does not shy away from criticising those who are quick to dismiss the suffering of others simply because they do not share the same geographical or cultural background. The King’s initial ignorance of the Dry Zone’s plight is a stark reminder of how easy it is to turn a blind eye to the suffering of those who are different or distant.

 

Impressive performances and production

The cast delivered strong performances across the board, with standout moments from Hidaayath Hazeer as Prince Muthukumar and Shala Amarasuriya as Rani. Hazeer captures the complexity of Muthukumar’s character – a ruler torn between his duty and his compassion – while Amarasuriya brings a quiet strength to her role, making Rani the emotional core of the play.

The production itself is minimalist, but this worked to the play’s advantage, allowing the powerful dialogue and verse to take centre stage. The choreography was particularly effective, with the actors doubling as both the background and the set, creating a fluid, dynamic stage that enhanced the storytelling.

Sound design was another highlight, with the use of the venue’s acoustics adding to the overall atmosphere. The original orchestra music, performed by the actors themselves, added a layer of authenticity and emotion to the play, though some moments – particularly the love song between Muthukumar and Rani – felt slightly underdeveloped.

We found ‘Water for Kings’ to be a play that demands attention, both for its poetic craftsmanship and its poignant social commentary. While it is dialogue-heavy, as expected for a piece written in contemporary verse, the play’s message is clear and resonant. It’s a story that, while set in a mythical past, feels all too real in today’s world.

The play’s exploration of the consequences of ignoring expertise, the dangers of misguided opposition, and the relentless pursuit of power makes it a thought-provoking experience that lingers long after the final curtain falls. In a country still grappling with its own divisions, ‘Water for Kings’ serves as a powerful reminder of the costs of inequality and the urgent need for true, meaningful change.

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